Conclusion
Stigmergy is emergent cooperation based on marks. Successful examples of stigmergy are seen in social insect collaboration and peer production. In construction, stigmergy may have been present in past practices of craftsmen communities, but are entirely lost in today's bureaucratic formalities. Today, stigmergy might be seen in some collaboration within construction.
The construction industry is approaching a way of organising project management, where digital models are becoming central. Digital models have potential as a medium of peer production. Technologies like 3D scanning and Augmented Reality are creating new opportunities for the industry in a digital cooperative space. Discrepancies between digital models and physical reality might stimulate work. The construction industry is not ready to make the change required for enabling stigmergic collaboration. The industry is dominated by a paradigm of bureaucratic formalities and trivial details, preventing further development and innovation. Stigmergy in construction would require a fundamental shift of principles from instrumental to organic.